Inhaled foreign bodies – usually removed by bronchoscopy in hospital, under general anaesthetic.In severe cases of breathing difficulty, the child may need to be hospitalised, given nebulised adrenaline and – sometimes – intubated (a tube is placed in the airway to overcome the blockage). When there is breathing difficulty, a short course of corticosteroid may be used. Croup – fluids, paracetamol, rest and possibly steam inhalation are usually all that is required.Chronic laryngitis – speech therapy, resting the voice, steam inhalation and, if necessary, antibiotics to clear up any infection.Acute laryngitis – resting the voice, pain-killing medications and steam inhalation.Treatment depends on the cause, but may include: Biopsy (taking a sample of tissue for testing).Laryngoscopy (using a piece of equipment called a laryngoscope to view the throat).Neck x-ray and fluoroscopy (which uses real-time x-rays to show movement of a body part).Diagnosis methods depend on the disorder, but may include: The larynx can be viewed through the open mouth. Eventually, the person experiences breathing and swallowing difficulties. Initial hoarseness is followed by a dry cough and, sometimes, coughing up blood. Most cases of cancer are directly linked to cigarette smoking. The two main types of cancer of the larynx include squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. Any growths need thorough investigation to make sure they are not cancerous. Small lumps and bumps on the vocal cords can be caused by chronic voice abuse (such as yelling) or prolonged exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke. Polyps, nodules and growths on the larynx If this is performed repeatedly, while shouting or straining the voice, an ulcer can develop from the abrasion of the epiglottis against surrounding tissue. Ulcers affecting the tracheaĬertain sounds are made by abruptly lowering the epiglottis onto the trachea. An inhaled foreign body may also produce a croup-like illness. The HIB vaccination routinely given to infants usually prevents epiglottitis. The child will usually have a high fever and look very unwell. Sometimes, a bacterium can infect the larynx, causing a similar but life-threatening illness called epiglottitis. In the severe form of croup, certain areas (such as the mouth or fingertips) may turn blue from lack of oxygen (cyanosis). Breathing difficulties, due to the swelling.
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